ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To conduct the preliminary positioning and qualitative research of high-frequency ultrasonic imaging atpoints (including tender points and trigger points) in neck-type cervical spondylosis and explore the relevant law so as to provide the evidence for the selection of acupuncture scheme.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty patients in compliance with the diagnostic criteria of neck-type cervical spondylosis were selected. The trigger points, tender points and placebo points were positioned on any of the three available oriented lines. The point-to-point high-frequency real-time dynamic ultrasonic imaging technology was used to scan and position each point and record the changes in ultrasound gradation anatomy and two-dimensional ultrasound in perimysium, two-dimensional and color Doppler ultrasonography and blood flow. The ultrasound characteristics were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>①Regarding the changes in ultrasound gradation anatomy and two-dimensional ultrasound in perimysium, the anatomic gradation at trigger points and tender points was in the sequence as cutaneous layer, subcutaneous fat layer, shallow muscular tissue layer, deep muscular tissue layer and vertebrae. The linear high echo presented in cutaneous layer; the low echo in subcutaneous fat layer; the linear high echo in muscular fasciae; the low echo in muscular layer and the clear linear echo in its perimysium; the high echo and declined posterior echo in vertebrae. Compared with the placebo points, 93.3% of trigger points (28/30) presented enhanced or thickened perimysium echo (<0.05), and 96.7% of tender points (29/30) presented enhanced or thickened perimysium echo (<0.05). The differences were not significant between the trigger points and the tender points (>0.05). ②In the two-dimensional ultrasonography, the clear linear echo presented in perimysium, the enhanced or thickened echo in perimysium of trigger points and tender points. In the color Doppler ultrasonography, the blinking unstable dotted blood flow signal or stable short rod-like blood flow signal presented in the trigger points and tender points. ③Regarding the condition of blood flow, 56.7% of trigger points (17/30) presented Ⅱ degree of color blood flow signal and 83.3% of tender points (25/30) presented Ⅱ degree of color blood flow signal; 0% of placebo points presented Ⅱ degree of color blood flow signal. Compared with the placebo points, the differences in the rate of Ⅱ degree of color blood flow signal were significant statistically at both the trigger points and the tender points (both<0.05). The difference was not significant between the trigger points and tender points (>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In the high-frequency ultrasound imaging at trigger points and tender points in neck-type cervical spondylosis, the ultrasound imaging characteristics present, which are similar between the trigger points and the tender points. The high-frequency ultrasound imaging is valuable in positioning and quantitative research ofpoints in cervical spondylosis and has a certain significance to guide treatment.</p>
ABSTRACT
Objective To combine the active poly lactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanosperes with adriamycin in side (ADM-NP) on the surface of ultrasound micrbubbles in covalent bonding and to prepare a novel drug-loading ultrasound micrbubble,and observe the physicochemical property.To quantify drug encapsulation efficiency and drug-loading amounts and drug-release properties in vitro and the effect of tumor imaging.Methods ADM-NP were prepared with double emulsification method,The surface carboxyl of ADM-NP was activated with carbodiimide method.Amino ultrasound microbubbles (MB-NH2) were prepared with mechanical shaking.The carboxyl of ADM-NP and the MB-NH2 could take place condensation reaction under a certain condition.Light microscope was used to observe the shape and distribution of the novel micrbubble.High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify drug encapsulation efficiency and drug loading amounts.This novel microbubbles were put in 2 dialysis bag to observe the releasing properties of ADM in vitro,and one of the bag was using low frequency ultrasound irradiation for 120 s.The effect of tumor imaging using this novel microbubble was observed.Results After 48 hours,a number of ADM-NP attacted to the MB-NH2 like a gar land.Determination of entrapment efficiency and drug loading of it by HPLC weare (86.11 ± 6.76)％ and (8.71 ± 0.46)％.The sustained release in vitro can last for more than 48 hours.More than 90％ of ADM encapsulated in the 2 groups was sustained released for 48 hours.And the release characteristics of the 2 groups in vitro was in accord with Higuchi equation,and no difference was observed in the 2 groups (P ＞0.05).The tumor showed typical enhancement pattems of quick wash-in and quick wash-out.Conclusions To combine the nanospheres to the surface of microbubbles with covalent bonding,it could prepare a novel efficient drug-loading microbubbles for a original technique of ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction(UTMD).